saudi arabia continent
24° 42′ N, 46° 43′ E Géographie Plus grande ville Riyad Superficie totale 2 149 690 km 2 (classé 13 e) Superficie en eau Négligeable Fuseau horaire UTC +3 Histoire Unification 23 septembre 1932 Démographie Gentilé Saoudiens Population totale (2020 ) 34 173 498 hab. The concert also included shows by Enrique Iglesias and The Black Eyed Peas. Health in the rural areas of the country became more accessible during this period. Proponents call the movement "Salafism",[454] and believe that its teachings purify the practice of Islam of innovations or practices that deviate from the seventh-century teachings of Muhammad and his companions. [148] Royal decrees supplement Sharia in areas such as labour, commercial and corporate law. [573], A few Saudi women have risen to the top of the medical profession; for example, Dr. Ghada Al-Mutairi heads a medical research center in California[574] and Dr. Salwa Al-Hazzaa is head of the ophthalmology department at King Faisal Specialist Hospital in Riyadh and was the late King Fahad's personal ophthalmologist. [200][201] The system has also been criticized for being arcane,[202] lacking in some of the safeguards of justice, and unable to deal with the modern world. Saudi Arabia has since been a totalitarian absolute monarchy, effectively a hereditary dictatorship governed along Islamist lines. Top 100 largest countries by area. All maps, graphics, flags, photos and original descriptions © 2021 worldatlas.com, Saudi Arabia's Ethnic Groups And Nationalities. Anti-Semitic expressions and calls to fight the Jews became fewer. In the early 7th century, Muhammad united the various tribes of the peninsula and created a single Islamic religious polity. In the privacy of homes, behavior can be far looser, and reports from WikiLeaks indicate that low ranked members of the ruling Saudi Royal family applies a different moral code to itself, indulging in parties, drugs, and sex. [81], After the conquest of the Hejaz, the Ikhwan leadership's objective switched to expansion of the Wahhabist realm into the British protectorates of Transjordan, Iraq and Kuwait, and began raiding those territories. [81], On 29 January 2011, hundreds of protesters gathered in the city of Jeddah in a rare display of criticism against the city's poor infrastructure after deadly floods swept through the city, killing 11 people. This expansion required health facilities, which saw the first major rural expansion of medical care in the country's history. The capital Riyadh, located in the heart of the country, is supplied with desalinated water pumped from the Persian Gulf over a distance of 467 km. [623], The Kingdom has attempted to link lifestyle with health through a number of initiatives. [330] Human Rights Watch, in a 2008 report, noted that a criminal procedure code had been introduced for the first time in 2002, but it lacked some basic protections and, in any case, had been routinely ignored by judges. Subject to this suzerainty, Arabia was ruled by a patchwork of tribal rulers,[102][103] with the Sharif of Mecca having pre-eminence and ruling the Hejaz. Religion taught in this manner is also a compulsory subject for all University students. [42][43] According to the BICC, Saudi Arabia is the 28th most militarized country in the world and enjoys the region's best military equipment qualititively, after Israel. The reefs form platforms and sometimes lagoons along the coast and occasional other features such as cylinders (such as the Blue Hole (Red Sea) at Dahab). [557], Although Saudi Arabia imposes a strict dress code on women throughout the country by using religious police, female anchors working for Al-Arabia news network which is partly owned by Prince Abdulaziz, the son of the late King Fahad, are prohibited from wearing a veil and are encouraged to adopt a Western dress code. [237][238][239][240] In the first decade of the 21st century the Saudi Arabia paid approximately $100 million to American firms to lobby the U.S. In August 2014 both countries appeared to be exploring ways of ending the rift. [380] Taking into account the impact of the real oil price changes on the Kingdom's real gross domestic income, the real command-basis GDP was computed to be 330.381 billion 1999 USD in 2010. A number of scholars have suggested that Dilmun originally designated the eastern province of Saudi Arabia, notably linked with the major Dilmunite settlements of Umm an-Nussi and Umm ar-Ramadh in the interior and Tarout on the coast. Women's clothes are often decorated with tribal motifs, coins, sequins, metallic thread, and appliques. This was after he performed a concert attended by more than 10,000 people in the heritage site north-west of Riyadh. The first was the Iranian Islamic Revolution. [367] This also includes 42 species of deepwater fish. It is also allied to the Asian countries dominated by the Islam religion forming Islam oriented organizations. Saudi Arabia has one of the highest percentages of military expenditure in the world, spending around 8% of its GDP in its military, according to the 2020 SIPRI estimate. [108] A year later, he added the title of King of Nejd. Saudi Arabia is home to a rich marine life. In return, the Al ash-Sheikh support the Al Saud's political authority[189] thereby using its religious-moral authority to legitimize the royal family's rule. [75] The Lihyanites ruled over a large domain from Yathrib in the south and parts of the Levant in the north. [418], The ethnic composition of Saudi citizens is 90% Arab and 10% Afro-Asian. Despite improvements, service quality remains poor. The country Saudi Arabia is located on the continent of Asia. Guetta's comments come as Saudi Arabia increasingly attracts big name western music acts to perform in the kingdom. The Ministry's origins can be traced to 1925, when a number of regional health departments were established, with the first in Makkah, Saudi Arabia. Much of this improvement would also be focused on developing better procedures and moving healthcare centers into the digital age. A stadium in Riyadh holds races in the winter. [143], China and Saudi Arabia are major allies, with relationship between the two countries growing significantly in recent decades. [citation needed] Fahd made it clear that he did not have democracy in mind: "A system based on elections is not consistent with our Islamic creed, which [approves of] government by consultation [shūrā]. [115], The second event was the Grand Mosque Seizure in Mecca by Islamist extremists. [205] Between 1996 and 2000, Saudi Arabia acceded to four UN human rights conventions and, in 2004, the government approved the establishment of the National Society for Human Rights (NSHR), staffed by government employees, to monitor their implementation. [601] The school system is composed of elementary, intermediate, and secondary schools. [129] On 18 March the same year, King Abdullah announced a package of $93 billion, which included 500,000 new homes to a cost of $67 billion, in addition to creating 60,000 new security jobs. [412], The 3000-year-old ancient historical city of Dumat al-Jandal in Al Jawf Province, Jabal Sawda (3,000 m (9,800 ft)) located in the 'Asir subrange of the Sarat Mountains, Abha City, located 2,270 m (7,450 ft) above sea level in the 'Asir Region, The desert of Al-Rub' Al-Khali (The Empty Quarter), The population of Saudi Arabia as of July 2013 is estimated to be 26.9 million, including between 5.5 million[3] and 10 million non-nationalized immigrants,[377][415] though the Saudi population has long proved difficult to accurately estimate due to Saudi leaders' historical tendency to inflate census results. The state's official language is Arabic. Saudi Arabia,[c] officially the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,[d] is a country in Western Asia constituting the vast majority of the Arabian Peninsula. ", WikiLeaks Shows a Saudi Obsession With Iran, "Saudi Arabia urges US attack on Iran to stop nuclear programme", "Obama advised Netanyahu of Iran talks in September", "Iran nuclear deal: Saudi Arabia and Gulf react with caution", "Insight: Saudis brace for 'nightmare' of U.S.-Iran rapprochement", "US, Saudi drifting apart despite Obama visit", "Saudi Arabian troops enter Bahrain as regime asks for help to quell uprising", U.S. On the Red Sea coast, there is a narrow coastal plain, known as the Tihamah parallel to which runs an imposing escarpment. [143][501] For many years only two religious holidays were publicly recognized – ʿĪd al-Fiṭr and ʿĪd al-Aḍḥā. [475], On 13 August 2020, Human Rights Watch reported dozens of Ethiopian migrants who had been forcibly expelled by Houthi forces, under the pretext of COVID-19 measures, were killed and detained by Saudi border guards. Over two million individuals have been infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus causing COVID-19, and as of April, 14 th 2020, there were over 5000 confirmed cases in Saudi Arabia (SA). On 24 August 2017, the Kingdom signed a memorandum of understanding with China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) to explore and assess uranium[295] On 4 August 2020, a report claimed that Saudi Arabia has constructed a facility in the desert near Al-'Ula for extracting uranium yellowcake from uranium ore with the help of China. Other countries in Asia [197] Extra-Sharia government tribunals usually handle disputes relating to specific royal decrees. [419] Most Saudis live in the Hejaz (35%), Najd (28%), and the Eastern Province (15%). In fact, it is a founding member of some of the organization. By 1984, it had become self-sufficient in wheat. [59], In the Neolithic period, prominent cultures such as Al-Magar, whose center lay in modern-day southwestern Najd flourished. [261] The tentative rapprochement between the US and Iran that began in secret in 2011[262] was said to be feared by the Saudis,[263] and, during the run up to the widely welcomed deal on Iran's nuclear programme that capped the first stage of US–Iranian détente, Robert Jordan, who was US ambassador to Riyadh from 2001 to 2003, said "[t]he Saudis' worst nightmare would be the [Obama] administration striking a grand bargain with Iran. These include Ghazi Algosaibi, Abdelrahman Munif, Turki al-Hamad and Rajaa al-Sanea. ", "Welcome to the Saudi Arabia vs. Canada Troll War", "Turkey seeks answers from Saudi Arabia on missing journalist", "Saudi Arabia and U.S. Saudi Arabia is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrain, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman [143][357] Though there are lakes in the country, Saudi Arabia is the largest country in the world by area with no permanent rivers. Saudi Arabia is a sovereign Western Asian Nation, occupying the central region of the Arabian Peninsula in Southwest Asia. [168], Although corruption allegations have often been limited to broad undocumented accusations,[169] specific allegations were made in 2007, when it was claimed that the British defence contractor BAE Systems had paid Prince Bandar US$2 billion in bribes relating to the Al-Yamamah arms deal. [426] Indian: 1.5 million, Pakistani: 1.3 million,[465] Egyptian: 900,000, Yemeni: 800,000, Bangladeshi: 400,000, Filipino: 500,000, Jordanian/Palestinian: 260,000, Indonesian: 250,000, Sri Lankan: 350,000, Sudanese: 250,000, Syrian: 100,000 and Turkish: 80,000. Among its plans were to launch "economic cities" (e.g. [557] The World Economic Forum 2010 Global Gender Gap Report ranked Saudi Arabia 129th out of 134 countries for gender parity. [565] In practice, it is very difficult for a Saudi woman to obtain a judicial divorce. Islamic dietary laws are enforced: pork is not allowed and other animals are slaughtered in accordance with halal. [537][538] ", "Tentative steps in Saudi Arabia: The king of Saudi Arabia shows some reformist credentials", "Support for shake-up of Saudi justice system", "When It Comes to Beheadings, ISIS Has Nothing Over Saudi Arabia", "Saudi Arabia to abolish flogging – supreme court", "In landmark decision, Saudi Arabia to eliminate flogging punishment", "Saudi Arabia declares all atheists are terrorists in new law to crack down on political dissidents", "Report: Saudi girl accepts lashing for assaulting headmistress", "The foreign policy of the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia", "Arab leaders issue resolutions, emphasize Gaza reconstruction efforts", Saudis and Extremism: 'Both the Arsonists and the Firefighters', "Old friends US and Saudi Arabia feel the rift growing, seek new partners", America Is Complicit in the Carnage in Yemen, Rights group blasts U.S. "hypocrisy" in "vast flood of weapons" to Saudi Arabia, despite war crimes, "Obama: Congress veto override of 9/11 lawsuits bill 'a mistake, "We finally know what Hillary Clinton knew all along – US allies Saudi Arabia and Qatar are funding Isis", "Saudi Arabia launces air attacks in Yemen", "Yemen conflict: US 'could be implicated in war crimes, "CIA using Saudi base for drone assassinations in Yemen", "The bizarre alliance between the US and Saudi Arabia is finally fraying", "The U.S. Might Be Better Off Cutting Ties With Saudi Arabia", "Trump signs off on $110B arms deal in Saudi Arabia", "US-Saudi Arabia ink historic 10-year weapons deal worth $350 billion as Trump begins visit", "WikiLeaks: The Saudis' Close but Strained Ties with Pakistan", "Iraq's foreign militants 'come from US allies, "Saudi Arabia and China launch 'digital Silk Road, "China's Xi Jinping calls Saudi king with pledge to boost ties", "Saudi Arabia, China Sign Deals Worth Up to $65 Billion", "Closer Ties: China And Saudi Arabia Sign $70 Billion in New Deals", "Wang Yi and Foreign Minister Adel bin Ahmed Al-Jubeir of Saudi Arabia Co-host the Third Meeting of the Political and Diplomatic Sub-committee of China-Saudi Arabia High-level Joint Committee", "Saudi Arabia's Mohammed bin Salman Defends China's Use of Concentration Camps for Muslims During Visit to Beijing", "Saudi crown prince defends China's right to fight 'terrorism, "Saudi crown prince defends China's right to put Uighur Muslims in concentration camps", "Saudi crown prince defended China's imprisonment of a million Muslims in internment camps, giving Xi Jinping a reason to continue his 'precursors to genocide, "Which Countries Are For or Against China's Xinjiang Policies? [361], Saudi Arabia is home to five terrestrial ecoregions: Arabian Peninsula coastal fog desert, Southwestern Arabian foothills savanna, Southwestern Arabian montane woodlands, Arabian Desert, and Red Sea Nubo-Sindian tropical desert and semi-desert. Culturally, Saudi Arabia has close ties with other Asian countries in the Arabian Peninsula, a peninsula which is composed of only Asian countries. Iraq 2. [390] The cities will be spread around Saudi Arabia to promote diversification for each region and their economy, and the cities are projected to contribute $150 billion to the GDP. This makes Saudi Arabia the best performing Middle Eastern, Arab and Muslim country. There are 2,261 healthcare centers run by the MOH and 2,980 private health complexes. The strategy is being viewed as a method of sportswashing following the chaos spread across Yemen for 6 years. "[562], Women face discrimination in the courts, where the testimony of one man equals that of two women in family and inheritance law. [535] During the Islamic revival movement in the 1980s, and as a political response to an increase in Islamist activism including the 1979 seizure of the Grand Mosque in Mecca, the government closed all cinemas and theaters. [532], In July 2019, UNESCO signed a letter with the Saudi Minister of Culture in which Saudi Arabia contributed US$25 million to UNESCO for the preservation of heritage.[533]. [631], Saudi Arabia has a life expectancy of 74.99 years (73.79 for males and 76.61 for females) according to the latest data for the year 2018 from the World Bank. [32][33][34][35][36] However, Saudi Arabia recently introduced new reforms under the orders of Mohammed bin Salman, which includes improving women's rights in Saudi Arabia, [37] as well as newly enforced protections for migrant workers to prevent mistreatment. [331] An example of sentencing is that of UK pensioner and cancer victim Karl Andree, aged 74, who faced 360 lashes for home brewing alcohol. Oil prices quadrupled. [73] The second stage of the kingdom saw the transformation of Dedan from a mere city-state of which only influence they exerted was inside their city walls, to a kingdom that encompasses much wider domain that marked the pinnacle of Lihyan civilization. The Kingdom of Saudi Arabia is located in Asia in the region known as the Middle East. The predominantly loose and flowing, but covering, garments are suited to Saudi Arabia's desert climate. [28] Saudi Arabia has since become the world's second largest oil producer (behind the US) and the world's largest oil exporter, controlling the world's second largest oil reserves and the sixth largest gas reserves. Of these, 286 are run by MOH, 48 by other government sectors, and 164 by the private sector. [142] The most powerful clan faction is known as the 'Sudairi Seven', comprising the late King Fahd and his full brothers and their descendants. The Arabian Peninsula is located in the continent of Asia and is bounded by (clockwise) the Persian Gulf on the northeast, the Strait of Hormuz and the Gulf of Oman on the east, the Arabian Sea on the southeast, the Gulf of Aden, Guardafui Channel and Somali Sea on the south, the Bab-el-Mandeb Strait on the southwest and the Red Sea, which is located on the southwest and west. [355] It is geographically the largest country in the Middle East and the Arabian Plate. [11] Its inclusion expresses the view that the country is the personal possession of the royal family. The various healthcare institutions were merged to become a ministerial body in 1950. During the 1970s, cinemas were numerous in the Kingdom although they were seen as contrary to Wahhabi norms. [128] No political reforms were announced as part of the package, though some prisoners indicted for financial crimes were pardoned. Directed by filmmaker Rick Rowley, the documentary examines the relationship between the US and Saudi Arabia, as a backdrop to the murder of Khashoggi, along with the interactions between the Trump administration and Saudi Crown Prince Mohammed bin Salman. [24][25] Saudi Arabia is sometimes called "the Land of the Two Holy Mosques" in reference to Al-Masjid al-Haram (in Mecca) and Al-Masjid an-Nabawi (in Medina), the two holiest places in Islam. In 2018, superstars like John Cena, Kevin Owens and Daniel Bryan refused to fly to Saudi, over the Kingdom's declining human rights records citing Jamal Khashoggi's assassination. In response, a number of limited "reforms" were initiated by King Fahd. [615] This radical teaching takes place in Saudi funded mosques and madrasas across the Islamic world from Morocco to Pakistan to Indonesia. [421], As late as 1970, most Saudis lived a subsistence life in the rural provinces, but in the last half of the 20th century, the kingdom has urbanized rapidly. The city hosted as many as 10 to 12 thousand inhabitants. As of October 2018, Saudi Arabia is the largest economy in the Middle East and the 18th largest in the world. A number of prominent Saudi Arabian princes, government ministers, and businesspeople, including Prince Al-Waleed bin Talal, were arrested in Saudi Arabia in November 2017. The package represents a considerable improvement in the offensive capability of the Saudi armed forces. [318], The United Kingdom has also been a major supplier of military equipment to Saudi Arabia since 1965. Mohammed Al-Jadaan said that the country will take “painful” measures and keep all options open to deal with the impact. This idea resulted in the creation of the “Ada’a” project launched in 2016. Also, the Guinness World Records took their production capacity of 15000 tonnes of high-quality olive oil into consideration, while the kingdom consumes double that. [585][586], In September 2017, King Salman issued a decree allowing women to drive, lifting the world's only ban on women drivers. Its modern existence, however, is attributable to it being effectively Abdullah's private army since the 1960s and, unlike the rest of the armed forces, is independent of the Ministry of Defense and Aviation. In fact, it occupies approximately 80% of the Arabian Peninsula. [179] In addition, they have had a major role in the judicial and education systems[180] and a monopoly of authority in the sphere of religious and social morals. [474] Over 500,000 undocumented migrant workers — mostly from Somalia, Ethiopia, and Yemen — have been detained and deported since 2013. Region Middle-East. [397] Observers researching the issue prefer to stay anonymous[398] because of the risk of being arrested. The prehistory of Saudi Arabia shows some of the earliest traces of human activity in the world. For other uses, see, ٱلْمَمْلَكَة ٱلْعَرَبِيَّة ٱلسَّعُوْدِيَّة, لَا إِلٰهَ إِلَّا ٱلله، مُحَمَّدٌ رَسُوْلُ ٱلله, Political, economic, and social changes of the 2010s. [587], As of February 2018, Saudi women can now open their own business, without a male's permission. The Health Ministry created a friendly competition between each of the districts, and between different medical services and hospitals. [568] As of 2015[update], Saudi women constitute 13% of the country's native workforce despite being 51% of all university graduates. [588], In March 2018, a law was passed allowing Saudi mothers to retain custody of their children after divorce without having to file any lawsuits. [121] Many Saudis who did not support the Islamist terrorists were nevertheless deeply unhappy with the government's policies. [66] The settlement of the region picks up again in the period of Dilmun in the early 3rd millennium. [109] On 23 September 1932, the two kingdoms of the Hejaz and Nejd were united as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia,[81] and that date is now a national holiday called Saudi National Day. Throughout the rest of the 19th century, the Al Saud contested control of the interior of what was to become Saudi Arabia with another Arabian ruling family, the Al Rashid, who ruled the Emirate of Jabal Shammar. [11] Saudi Arabia also has one of the world's youngest populations, with approximately 50 percent of its population of 34.2 million being under 25 years old. [citation needed], The emergence of what was to become the Saudi royal family, known as the Al Saud, began in Nejd in central Arabia in 1744, when Muhammad bin Saud, founder of the dynasty, joined forces with the religious leader Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab,[97] founder of the Wahhabi movement, a strict puritanical form of Sunni Islam.